MinSpareServers
This directive defines a minimum number of spare children the Apache parent process can maintain in its memory. An additional server is a preforked idle Apache child that is ready to respond to a new incoming request. Having idle children waiting for new requests is essential for providing the fastest server response times. When the total idle children on the server drop below this value, a new child is preforked at the rate of one per second until this directive is satisfied. The “one per second” rule is in place to prevent surges of the creation process that overload the server, however, this failsafe comes at a cost. The one per second spawn rate is particularly slow when it comes to handling page requests. So it’s highly beneficial to make sure enough children are preforked and ready to handle incoming requests.
As a rule of thumb, never set this to zero. Setting this to 25% of MaxRequestWorkers ensures plenty resources are ready and waiting for requests.
MaxSpareServers
MasSpareServers controls the maximum number of idle Apache child servers running at one time. An idle child is one which is not currently handling a request but waiting for a new request. When there are more than MaxSpareServers idle children, Apache kills off the excess.
If the MaxSpareServers value is less than MinSpareServers, Apache will automatically adjust MaxSpareServers to equal MinSpareServers plus one.
Like with MinSpareServers, this value should always be altered with available server resources in mind.
As a rule of thumb, set this to double the value of MinSpareServers.
Remember, configuring Apache as an open throttle is a high-performance configuration for servers with significant RAM and multiple CPU cores. When running the open throttle configuration, all available Apache children become available at all times. As a side effect of running open throttle, the Apache memory usage will stay near its peak at all times, due to running all the configured children into memory preemptively. This configuration will produce the best possible response times by maintaining persistent open connections. Furthermore, in response to traffic surges, it removes the overhead that comes from spawning new processes:
- Configuration: Match both MinSpareServers and MaxSpareServers to MaxRequestWorkers.
- Requirements: Make sure there is enough server RAM to run all MaxRequestWorkers at once.
StartServers
Created at startup, are the initial amount of Apache child servers.
This seldom changed directive only impacts Apache startup and restart processes. Generally not altered because Apache uses internal logic to work out how many child servers should be running.
Many modern servers periodically restart Apache to address configuration changes, rotate log files or other internal processes. When this occurs during a high load traffic surge, every bit of downtime matters. You can manually set the StartServers directive to mirror that of your MinSpareServers to shave off time from the Apache startup.
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